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Technology - Fundamental
Computer Studies
Administrator - Thursday, 19 March 2009

What are computer studies?

Computer studies deals with the properties of computers, methods of working on computers and gives the platform to understand the computers and their impacts on people and organizations.
What is computer literacy?
Computer literacy means knowing capabilities, limitations, and utilities of computers, methods of using and controlling them, their impacts and how the computers and their software are acquired. A computer literate should know the following things:
  1. Capabilities, limitations and utilities of computers.
  2. Methods of using and controlling computers
  3. How computers and their software are acquired
  4. Impacts of computers on people and organizations.
Technology - Fundamental
Hard Drive
Administrator - Tuesday, 17 March 2009

Hard Drive

A hard drive or hard disk is a computer’s main storage device. Most hard drives are tucked away in the system unit of a computer and hidden from the view. Although you normally can’t see a computer’s internal hard drive you can usually hear it whirring inside when you start the computer or a program. An external hard drive sit outside the computer system unit and plugs into a USB, Firewire, or SCSI port.
 
The hard drive is like the file-cabinet portion of your desk. And files really are saved in folders on a computer, so this really is the perfect analogy. Most computers have a single hard drive located inside of the computer case labeled C. When a computer has more than one hard drive they are labeled D, then E, and so on. Unlike RAM, a hard drive retains its information even when you turn the computer off.
 
·        Operating System Files
A computer’s operating system, like Windows XP, is stored on the hard drive.
·        Program Files
Program files are programs you work with, like your word processor, your Internet software, or your games. Programs usually comes on floppy disks or CD-ROM’s, to use it first install, or copy, it to your hard drive in order to use the program.
·        Data Files
Whenever you create a document or data file on your computer, like a word processing document, the computer stores it in its temporary memory (RAM). You must save your documents to the hard drive or they will be lost when you turn off your computer.


Technology - Fundamental
About Computer
Administrator - Tuesday, 17 March 2009

What is Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that automatically accepts data and instructions as input, stores and processes them and produces and gives the output under the control of the instructions of the stored programs.
Characteristics of Computer:
  1. A computer performs its tasks at a very high speed. The speed of a computer is measured in terms of millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond or Pico second.
  2. It can store a large amount of data in its memory forever.
  3. It gives 100% accurate output unless the wrong data and instructions are entered.
  4. Once the data and instructions are given, it caries out its operation automatically to produce the desired output.
  5. It can perform its tasks repetitively with same speed, efficiency and accuracy, without being affected by traits of tiredness and lack of concentration.
  6. It is versatile in a sense that it can perform from simple tasks, such as Desktop Publishing, to advanced tasks, such as controlling of automatic weapons, satellite launching, etc.
Limitations of Computers:
  1. Since computer does not have its own intelligence, it should be given instructions to carry out its tasks.
  2.  A large amount of data can be lost sometimes due to the breakdown in machine.
  3. There are chances of data piracy.
  4. Computer is a very expensive to install and maintain that it would be difficult to afford it for everybody.
  5. Computers cannot store data unless they are given instructions.
Garbage-in-Garbage-out
Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO) is the phrase that is used to express the computer’s capabilities of giving accurate results. It means, only if wrong data or instructions are entered in computer, it results error full output otherwise it results 100% accurate output.
Terms for Measuring Speed

Unit of time
Meaning
Parts of second
In the power of 10
Millisecond
Thousandths of a second
103 second
Microsecond
Millionths of a second
106 second
Nanosecond
Thousand millionths of a second
109 second
Pico second
Million millionths of a second
1012 second

Terms for measuring storage capacity:
BIT=Binary Digit (0 or 1)
Nibble= 4 bits
Byte=2 Nibble or 8 BITs=one character of information
Kilo byte (kB) =1024 bytes
Mega byte= (mb) =1024kbs
Gaga byte (GB) =1024mb
Tetra bytes (TB) =1024gbs


Uses of Computer
Computers are useful they help us write letters, and information on the Internet, and even create our own music CDs. Some people have computers – they speak a different language that includes nonsensical words like IP Address and Gigabytes. But most of us are somewhat clueless when it comes to computers. We know how to turn our computer how, how to surf the Internet (may be).
Technology - Fundamental
Hardware, Software & IT
Administrator - Tuesday, 17 March 2009

 Hardware, Software, and Information Technology (IT)

Your desk probably contains a jumble of equipment commonly known as a computer. But what is all that things? What does a computer do? Unlike many other tools or appliances that have definite purposes, a computer can do any number of things:
    • Write letters
    • Browse the Internet
    • Send e-mail messages to people around the world
    • Play games
    • Help you balance your budget
Two basic things make up a computer: hardware and software. You simply can’t have one without the other. All of parts of a computer that you can physically see or touch are called hardware. Hardware includes the computer’s monitor, case, keyboard, mouse, and printer. Computer programs that tell hardware how to operate are called software. You may have used software such as Microsoft Excel or Corel WordPerfect in the past.
You don’t have to know how to program a computer to use one. A computer programmer has already done the work for you by writing the program (software). All you have to do is tell the software what you are trying to do, and the software then directs the work of the hardware.
 
IT, short for Information Technology, is the broad subject related to computer and managing and processing information, especially within large organizations. Many large companies have departments full of computer technicians called IT department.
 
Parts of a Computer

Component
Description
Case or System Unit
 
Monitor
 
Keyboard
 
Mouse
 
Speaker
 
Printer
 

2. Computer Overview
Computers are not really as complicated as they initially were. You just have to learn the basic functions of the various parts, and then you can separate them into three categories:
·        Input
Any device that lets you talk to the computer (such as a mouse or keyboard).
·        Processing / Storage
Main functions of a computer, which happen inside the computer case. Not surprisingly, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) does all the processing; the storage function is handled by any number of drives (hard, floppy, Zip, tape-backup, CD/DVD-ROM) or disks (compact discs or floppy diskettes).
·        Output
Any device that lets the computer talk to you (such as a monitor or speakers).
 
If you are having trouble understanding this input/output stuff, think of your home television (TV) set. Televisions and computers are similar in several ways:
·        The remove control is comparable to the mouse (or any other input device such as a mouse).
·        The cable box (while not nearly as powerful as computer) is similar to a computer in that it can process information (such as deciphering which channel you want to watch) and, if programmable, store information (such as when to show the film using a built-in timer).
·        The TV displays the channel much like a monitor displays information.
 


 

Understanding Hardware
Hardware is any physical part of a computer that you can see or touch. A computer’s monitor, CD-ROM or DVD drive, mouse, keyboard, and printer are all different types of hardware.
1.      Central Processing Unit
2.       Memory
3.      RAM and ROM
4.      Mouse
5.      Keyboard
6.      Digital Cameras and Web Cams
7.      Other Input Devices
8.      Monitor
9.      Graphics Card
10. Printer Basics
11. Types of Printers
12. Sound and Speakers
13. Modem
14. Input/Output Devices
15. Hard Drive
16. Hard Drive Maintenance
17. CD-ROM Drive
18. DVD Drive
19. Floppy Drive
20. Zip Drive
21. Other Storage Devices
22. Formatting a Disk
23. Chapter Two Review

 

Technology - Fundamental
Understanding Software
Administrator - Tuesday, 17 March 2009

Understanding Software

  1. Understanding Graphical User Interface
  2. Types of Software
  3. Operating Systems
  4. Word Processing
  5. Spreadsheets
  6. Databases
  7. Presentation Software
  8. Accounting Web Browsing
  9. Web Authoring
  10. Programming Languages
  11. Systems Development
  12. Chapter Three Review
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Technology

Computer Studies
What are computer studies? Computer studies deals with the properties of computers, methods of working on computers and gives the platform to understand the computers and their impacts on people and organizations. What is computer literacy? Computer literacy means knowing capabilities, limitations, and utilities of computers, methods of using and... Read more...
Hard Drive
Hard Drive A hard drive or hard disk is a computer’s main storage device. Most hard drives are tucked away in the system unit of a computer and hidden from the view. Although you normally can’t see a computer’s internal hard drive you can usually hear it whirring inside when you start the computer or a program. An external hard... Read more...
About Computer
What is Computer? A computer is an electronic device that automatically accepts data and instructions as input, stores and processes them and produces and gives the output under the control of the instructions of the stored programs. Characteristics of Computer: A computer performs its tasks at a very high speed. The speed of a computer is... Read more...
Hardware, Software & IT
 Hardware, Software, and Information Technology (IT) Your desk probably contains a jumble of equipment commonly known as a computer. But what is all that things? What does a computer do? Unlike many other tools or appliances that have definite purposes, a computer can do any number of things: Write letters Browse the... Read more...
Understanding Software
Understanding Software Understanding Graphical User Interface Types of Software Operating Systems Word Processing Spreadsheets Databases Presentation Software Accounting Web Browsing Web Authoring Programming Languages Systems Development Chapter Three Review
Introduction to Windows
Introduction to Windows XP   When you switch on the computer, various sounds can be heard from deep inside the computer. After a little while a smart background appears, together with all sorts of small pictures and symbols. This background is called the Desktop. The desktop is a very descriptive term as you can add all sorts of things on it,... Read more...